CA PLS Exam Preparation

Comprehensive preparation for the California Professional Land Surveyor (PLS) exam. Based on the January 2025 Test Plan with 6 modules and 57 topics. Content adapted from CalTrans LS/LSIT Video Exam Preparation Course materials.

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Lesson 5

Monitoring Surveys

Monitoring Surveys

Overview

Monitoring surveys detect and measure changes in position or elevation over time. Applications include structural monitoring, landslide observation, and construction settlement tracking.

Learning Objectives

  • Design monitoring programs
  • Select appropriate methods and instruments
  • Analyze monitoring data
  • Report significant movements

Key Concepts

Monitoring Applications

Common monitoring scenarios:

  • Structural deformation
  • Slope stability
  • Construction settlement
  • Dam safety
  • Ground subsidence

Program Design

Effective monitoring programs include:

  • Stable reference points
  • Appropriate observation frequency
  • Detection threshold determination
  • Clear reporting protocols
  • Long-term data management

Methods and Instruments

Monitoring techniques:

  • Precise leveling for vertical movement
  • Total station for 3D positioning
  • GNSS for continuous monitoring
  • Tiltmeters and inclinometers
  • Automated systems

Data Analysis

Interpreting monitoring results:

  • Baseline establishment
  • Movement detection thresholds
  • Trend analysis
  • Alert level determination
  • Statistical significance

Key Terms

  • Reference Point: Stable point assumed to be stationary
  • Movement Threshold: Minimum detectable change
  • Alert Level: Movement triggering notification

Practice Questions

  1. What factors determine the appropriate monitoring frequency?
  2. How is measurement precision related to movement detection capability?